The Endocrine System

Of the following statements, which best describes the endocrine system?

it is a filtering system, providing immunity against disease
it is a control and communication system, affecting bodily activities through secretion of hormones
it is a control and communication system, affecting bodily activities via electrical stimuli
it is the body’s main control centre

What other system of the body does the endocrine system work closely with?

reproductive system
lymphatic system
circulatory system
nervous system

The affects of the endocrine system are:

rapid
slow and long lasting
immediate
fast and furious

Hormones can be proteins or steroids and are known as:

chemical messengers
electrolytes
molecules
electrical impulses

Of what type of tissue are the endocrine glands?

connective tissue
epithelial tissue
areolar tissue
lymphoid tissue

Endocrine glands are ductless – this means they are able to:

pass their hormones into the liver first
survive without blood
secrete their hormones directly into the blood stream
none of the above

Which of the following is NOT an endocrine gland?

thyroid
adrenal
liver
pancreas

The pituitary gland is known as the ‘master gland’ – why is this?

because it affects the function of all the other endocrine glands
because it is physically situated above the other endocrine glands
because it’s real name is ‘master pituitary’
because it is the biggest endocrine gland

In which body cavity is the pituitary gland situated?

pelvic cavity
abdominal cavity
thoracic cavity
cranial cavity

Which part of the brain influences the pituitary gland?

thalamus
hypothalamus
pons
cerebellum

The two lobes of the pituitary gland are called:

front and back
top and bottom
anterior and posterior
left and right

What does TSH stand for?

thyroid-stimulating hormone
tropic specific hormone
thyroxin secreting helper
testes-stimulating hormone

Which of the following is NOT a function of the pituitary gland?

regulation of the sex glands
stimulation of water absorption in the kidneys
regulation of skeletal and muscular growth
aiding digestion

Of the hormones released by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, which controls the production and release of hormones in the adrenal cortex?

LH (luteinising hormone)
ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone)
prolactin
gonadotrophic hormones

Which part of the body do gonadotrophic hormones affect?

ovaries and testes
kidneys
skin
uterus

How does the hormone melatonin affect the body?

it stimulates the release of glucose
it regulates calcium metabolism
it helps to regulate sleep-wake patterns
it stimulates the uterus during labour

An imbalance in which endocrine gland is thought to be associated with the seasonal affective disorder (SAD)?

pineal
thyroid
adrenals
parathyroid

In which part of the body is the thyroid gland located?

chest
neck
abdomen
head

Which of the following is NOT a function of the thyroid gland?

regulation of basic metabolism
storage of iodine
regulation of calcium levels in the blood
none of the above – they are all functions of the thyroid gland

What is the name of the condition caused by an under-secretion of insulin, resulting in high levels of glucose in the blood?

diabetes mellitus
hypoglycaemia
hypertension
diabetes insipidus

What effect does follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) have in men?

FSH is inhibited in men
it increases the production of testosterone
it controls the growth of facial hair
it influences the production of sperm

Which of the following hormones is produced by women?

oestrogen
progesterone
testosterone
they are all produced by women

Which of the following hormones is NOT produced by men?

testosterone
progesterone
relaxin
oestrogen

The sex hormones are produced in the ovaries and testes – these are otherwise known as the:

gonads
pancreas
pituitary gland
adrenals

What does the hormone prolactin do?

it stimulates uterine contractions during labour
it stimulates the production of milk in the mammary glands following birth
it inhibits the secretion of FSH towards the end of the menstrual cycle
it produces ova at ovulation

Which hormones, secreted by the anterior pituitary lobe, stimulates the development and maturation of the ovaries and testes during puberty?

growth hormone
TSH
gonadotrophic hormones
ACTH

At which stage of the menstrual cycle does ovulation occur?

secretory phase
menstrual phase
reproductive phase
proliferative phase

Which hormone is involved in preventing spontaneous abortion?

follicle-stimulating hormone
human chronic gonadotrophic hormone
luteinising hormone
spontaneous abortion cannot be prevented

Which hormone inhibits uterine contractions?

progesterone
estrogen
oxytocin
relaxin

Which of the following symptoms can indicate the onset of menopause?

hot flushes
irregular menstrual cycle
emotional disturbances
all the above

In men, what condition can manifest as a result of over-secretion of oestrogen and progesterone?

male menopause
menstruation
gynaecomastia
mental breakdown

Which of the following is NOT a hormone produced in the thyroid in response to the release of TSH by the pituitary?

triodothyronine
thyroxine
somatotropin
calcitonin

The average thyroid weighs less than an ounce and is shaped like:

a butterfly
an egg
an apple
a sausage

Over-secretion of triodothyronine can lead to a lack of iodine, which can cause a swelling of the thyroid gland, called:

lump
cyst
tumour
goitre

The parathyroid, situated in the capsule of the thyroid, consists of:

1 large gland
2 small glands
4 small glands
1 small gland

The principal hormone released by the parathyroid is Parathormone, an under-secretion of which, leads to:

gigantism
tetany
dwarfism
goitre

Which gland plays an important role in the development of the immune system of the growing child, but atrophies after puberty and remains only as fibrous remnants in the adult?

spleen
gonads
pineal
thymus

Where are the adrenal glands situated?

on top of each kidney
on each side of the trachea
between the cerebral hemispheres
attached to the pancreas

The two parts of the adrenals are called:

the posterior lobe and the anterior lobe
the inside and the outside
the outer adrenal and the inner adrenal
the outer cortex and the inner medulla

Where are cortico-steroids produced?

adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex
thymus
thyroid

Which of the following is NOT a cortico-steroid?

calcitonin
glucocorticoids
mineral corticoids
sex corticoids

Which hormone secreted in the adrenal cortex helps to maintain blood glucose levels?

cortisone
hydrocortisone
both a) and b)
insulin

What disease of the endocrine system is caused by under-secretion of corticosteroid hormones and presents with weakness, fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss, hyperpigmentation and low blood pressure?

Cushing’s syndrome
myxoedema
Grave’s disease
Addison’s disease

Which hormone is released by the adrenal medulla at times of stress and prepares the body for the ‘fight or flight’ response?

cortisol
adrenaline and noradrenaline
adrenocorticotropic hormone
glucagon

Why might adrenaline be administered in first aid?

to counteract a severe allergic reaction
to control an epileptic fit
to counteract a heart attack
to revive someone who has fainted

The pancreas is both an endocrine (internal secretion) and an exocrine (external secretion) organ. What is its exocrine secretion, which aids digestion?

bile
hydrochloric acid
pepsin
pancreatic juice

The endocrine section of the pancreas is called the:

islands of Langerhans
isle of wight
islets of Langerhans
islets of pancreas

What does the pancreatic hormone insulin do?

it reduces the level of sugar in the blood when it is too high
it increases the level of sugar in the blood when it is too low
it promotes the release of glycogen from the liver
it converts fat into glucose

What does the pancreatic hormone glucagon do?

it reduces the level of sugar in the blood when it is too high
it increases the level of sugar in the blood when it is too low
it promotes the storage of sugar in the liver in the form of glycogen
it converts glucose into fat

What is the name of the condition caused by an over-secretion of insulin, resulting in decreased levels of glucose in the blood?

hypothermia
hyperglycaemia
hypoglycaemia
hypotension

The Endocrine System

The Endocrine System

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