The Respiratory System

Which of the following is NOT a function of the respiratory system?

gaseous exchange
smell
speech
hearing

The respiratory system can be divided into upper and lower respiratory tracts. Which of the following organs is part of the upper respiratory tract?

larynx
bronchi
lungs
trachea

What structure separates the pharynx from the trachea?

tongue
larynx
naso-pharynx
bronchus

What is the name of the unit created by the spine, ribs and sternum, which protects the lower respiratory tract?

diaphragm
ribs
thoracic cavity
spine

The principal organs of the respiratory system are:

nose
lungs
mouth
throat

What structures connect the nasal cavity and the ears?

adenoids
lymph vessels
eustachian tubes
mucous membrane

What happens to air as it is breathed in through the nose?

small hairs (cilia) filter the air
mucous is secreted to trap bacteria, dust and other particles in the air
the air is moistened and warmed
all the above

After passing through the trachea, air enters the:

bronchioles
alveoli
bronchi
capillaries

What type of membrane lines the organs of the respiratory system?

mucous membrane
serous membrane
pleural membrane
synovial membrane

The correct name for the throat is:

oesophagus
pharynx
larynx
trachea

Which structure contains the vocal cords and Adam’s apple?

pharynx
trachea
oesophagus
larynx

What type of tissue are the vocal cords?

ligaments
tendons
cartilage
muscle

How is sound produced from the voice box?

muscles in the neck contract, making the vocal cords vibrate and produce sound
the vocal cords press against the Adam’s apple to produce sound
when air passes over the vocal cords, they vibrate and produce sound
the vocal cords tighten during inspiration and produce sound

Which structure is activated when swallowing, to seal the larynx and prevent food entering the lungs:

glottis
Adam’s apple
epiglottis
tongue

What is another name for the trachea?

windpipe
voice box
throat
passageway

What air-filled spaces open into the nasal cavity?

adenoids
orbital cavities
outh
sinuses

Which airways are reinforced with cartilage to keep them permanently open?

bronchi and bronchioles
trachea and alveoli
trachea and bronchi
bronchi and alveoli

How many lobes are there in: i) the right lung; and ii) the left lung?

i)3; ii)2
i)2; ii)3
i)2; ii)2
i)3; ii)3

In which part of the lungs does gaseous exchange take place?

bronchi
alveoli
bronchioles
lobules

What type of epithelium lines the alveoli?

ciliated epilthelium
columnar epilthelium
cubical epithelium
squamous epithelium

What is the visceral pleura?

the membrane which lines the surface of the lungs
the membrane which lines the wall of the thoracic cavity
the membrane which surrounds the walls of the alveoli
the lubricating fluid found in the pleural cavity

The lungs contain no muscle fibres and so, rely on the muscular movements of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles. Which combination of these muscles causes air to be drawn into the lungs?

the diaphragm and intercostals relax
the diaphragm contracts and the intercostals relax
the diaphragm and intercostals contract
the diaphragm relaxes and the intercostals contract

On expiration, the intercostal muscles pull the ribs:

downwards
inwards
both a) and b)
neither a) or b)

When the diaphragm contracts it becomes:

flat
dome shaped
smaller
bigger

Which other system of the body works closely with the respiratory system to ensure that oxygen is delivered to every cell in the body?

the lymphatic system
the circulatory system
the digestive system
the muscular system

By which process does oxygen and carbon dioxide move in and out of the alveoli and capillary network?

diffusion
osmosis
active transport
filtration

What percentage of respiratory effort is carried out by the diaphragm?

50%
100%
25%
75%

What is an inward breath called?

expiration
inspiration
exhalation
diffusion

During expiration, what happens to the pressure inside the thoracic cavity?

the pressure remains the same
the pressure decreases
the pressure increases
none of the above

During the mechanism of breathing, what causes ‘a state of equilibrium’?

when the diaphragm is relaxed
when the pressure inside and outside the lungs is equal
expiration
inspiration

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs?

pulmonary arteries
pulmonary veins
vena cava
aorta

Which blood vessels carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart?

vena cava
pulmonary veins
pulmonary arteries
aorta

During ‘active expiration’ (e.g. coughing) which muscles assist the diaphragm and intercostals to squeeze more air out of the lungs?

external and internal obliques
rectus abdominis
transversus abdominis
all the above

What does the term ‘vital capacity’ refer to?

maximum volume of air that can be breathed in or out of the lungs in one breath
maximum pressure during inspiration
the amount of oxygen in an inhaled breath
the volume of air left in the lungs after breathing out

The respiratory centre is the part of the nervous system which controls breathing. Where in the brain is it?

the cerebellum and the cerebrum
the medulla oblongata and the cerebellum
the medulla oblongata and the pons
the cerebellum and the pons

During exercise what stimulates the respiratory centre of the brain, increasing the rate and depth of breathing?

contractions of the working muscles
the presence of lactic acid in the blood
increased body temperature
increased blood flow

Compared to inhaled air, exhaled air contains:

only carbon dioxide
equal amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide
less carbon dioxide and more oxygen
more carbon dioxide and less oxygen

Oxygen that passes through of the walls of the alveoli into the bloodstream has an affinity with the haemoglobin inside the erythrocytes, combining to form:

oxyhaemoglobin
carbon dioxide
thrombocytes
leucocytes

Which cells give the body its sense of smell?

red blood cells
nasal cells
olfactory receptor cells
epithelial cells

In which part of the brain is smell perceived?

the medulla oblongata
the cerebral cortex
the pons
the cerebellum

Why does smell have such an immediate effect on our emotions?

because our sense of smell is more acute when we feel emotional
because when we feel emotional we breathe more quickly, thus smells reach the brain more quickly
because unlike most nerve impulses, which are transmitted via the spinal cord, olfactory impulses connect directly with the brain and the olfactory perceptors are closely connected to the area concerned with emotions (the limbic area).
because when we are happy we tend to notice pleasant smells more easily

Which respiratory disease does shortness of breath, wheezing and difficulty breathing commonly characterise?

hay fever
common cold
sore throat
asthma

Identify the condition called emphysema:

the alveoli become damaged and break down, causing blood flow through the lungs to decrease
the bronchial tubes become inflamed, making respiration laboured
the pleura surrounding the lungs becomes inflamed and respiration becomes shallow
inflammation of the lungs caused by a bacterial infection, causing chest pain and fever

What is the correct term for a collapsed lung?

pneumoconiosis
pleurisy
pneumothorax
pneumonectomy

Which condition presents as a blocked, runny and stuffy nose, caused by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the nose?

tinnitus
rhinitis
rhinoplasty
sinusitis

Which disease of the respiratory system is one of the biggest causes of death in the West?

emphysema
pneumonia
tuberculosis
lung cancer

Which infectious disease most commonly seen in adolescents and young adults is sometimes wrongly called ‘kissing disease’?

pharyngitis
glandular fever
laryngitis
dyspnoea

Which of the following can ensure more efficient breathing?

good posture
slouching
breathing through the mouth
tilting the head backwards

Yawning can make us feel more awake. Why is this?

because the action of stretching the muscles of the face when yawning wakes us up
because yawning makes us more become more upright
because the deep inhalation and exhalation of a yawn provides an extra boost of oxygen into the lungs and thus improves the circulation to the brain
yawning does not make us feel more awake

Which of these tubes serves as an air and food passage?

pharynx
larynx
trachea
oesophagus

The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System

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