The Urinary System

The urinary system is one of the body’s excretory systems, together with all the following systems, except:

respiratory system
reproductive system
skin
digestive system

Which of the following is NOT a part of the urinary system?

uterus
ureters
kidneys
urethra

Where are the kidneys situated?

in the pelvic cavity, behind the symphysis pubis
anterior of the abdomen, under the lower ribs
posterior of the abdomen, below waist level
posterior of the abdomen, either side of the spine, at waist level

How big is the average kidney?

about the size of a tightly clenched fist
about the size of a kidney bean
a bit bigger than the heart
the same size as a small egg

What are the narrow tubes which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder?

urethra
renal tubes
ureters
vas deferens

Which action effects the propulsion of urine from the kidneys to the bladder?

gravity
peristalsis of the kidneys
dilation of the renal pelvis
peristalsis of the ureters

What structure encases each kidney?

outer cortex
renal capsule
medulla
hilus

What is the large area in the centre of each kidney, which drains urine into the ureter?

renal pelvis
renal pyramids
medulla
cortex

Which part of the kidney is responsible for selective reabsorption into the bloodstream?

outer cortex
hilus
renal pelvis
inner medulla

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the kidneys?

cubical epithelium
squamous epithelium
ciliated epithelium
columnar epithelium

Which blood vessel takes blood away from the kidney?

renal artery
renal vein
portal vein
inferior vena cava

What is the basic function of a nephron?

to filter blood
to produce urine
both a) and b)
neither a) or b)

How many stages are there in the formation of urine?

4 stages
3 stages
2 stages
5 stages

What is the name of the tight cluster of blood capillaries in

h nephron?
afferent arteriole
glomerulus
loop of Henle

Bowman’s capsule

Which of the following is NOT a stage in urine formation?
glomerulus filtration
selective reabsorption
tubule collection

glomerulus secretion

From the distal convoluted tubule, urine is then carried to the:
collecting duct
Bowman’s capsule
proximal convoluted tubule

Within each nephron, where does most of the reabsorption occur?

distal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
proximal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule

What portion of the nephron extends into the medulla?

distal convoluted tubule
loop of Henle
proximal convoluted tubule
Bowman’s capsule

In which part of the kidney is the proximal convoluted tubule situated?

outer cortex
inner medulla
renal pelvis
hilus

What is the composition of urine?

75% water, 20% urea, 5% uric acid
90% water, 5% urea, 5% uric acid and other substances
99% water, 1% pigments
96% water, 2% urea, 2% uric acid and other substances

Which of the following colours is the least likely to apply to urine?

yellow
purple
brown
red

What gives urine its colour?

uric acid
bacteria
lemons
bile pigment bilirubin

A person’s health can be detected from a urine test. What could a presence of protein in the urine indicate?

kidney failure
diabetes
pregnancy
cancer

The waste products urea and uric acid are formed where?

in the kidneys
in the small intestine
in the gall bladder
in the liver

What is urea?

a chemical created from the breakdown of purines
crystals
the end product of the breakdown of excess protein
the end product of the breakdown of fats

All of the following are normally found in the urine of a healthy person, except:

uric acid
glucose
urea
sodium ions

If too much salt is detected in the blood, which hormone is secreted, instructing the kidneys to release the excess salt into the urine, thus restoring the correct levels of salt in the blood?

aldosterone
antidiuretic hormone
insulin
oxytocin

Of all the functions of the kidneys, which is responsible for preventing toxins from accumulating in the body?

formation of urine
regulation of the body’s water and salt balance
filtration of impurities and metabolic waste from blood
regulation of blood’s pH balance

Which of the following factors affect the body’s fluid balance?

body temperature
diet
blood pressure
all the above

Which enzyme is produced in the kidneys to helps regulate blood pressure?

pepsin
rennin
amylase
lipase

What body status triggers the release of the antidiuretic hormone (ADH) to restore the balance of blood fluid levels?

dehydration
thirst
exhaustion
sleep

Where is the bladder situated?

in the abdominal cavity, at waist level
posterior of the pelvic cavity,
in the pelvic cavity, behind the symphysis pubis
below the liver

What type of epithelial tissue is found in the bladder?

squamous epithelium
columnar epithelium
cubical epithelium
transitional epithelium

What are the folds that enable the bladder to extend as it fills?

rugae
elastic
sponge
none of the above

The term for expulsion of urine from the bladder is:

dysuria
micturition
polyuria
oliguria

Which of the following statements is true?

the expulsion of urine is an involuntary action
the internal urethral sphincter contracts to allow urination to occur
the walls of the bladder relax to allow urination to occur
none of the above

In what portion of the central nervous system in the micturition centre located?

in the superior spinal cord
in the cerebellum
in the sacral spinal cord
in the cerebrum

The urethra is longer in men than in women and is surrounded at its uppermost section by:

scrotum
prostate
vas deferens
epididymis

Of the 180 or so litres of fluid filtered from the blood each day, how much is normally excreted as urine per day?

1-1½ litres
5 litres
under 1 litre
10 litres

When body temperature is raised and the body loses water through sweating, how do the kidneys compensate?

by secreting the enzyme rennin
by releasing more urine
by releasing less urine
by reabsorbing more water from the blood

Which of the following parts of the urinary system is also part of the reproductive system in men?

bladder
urethra
ureter
glans penis

The following are all known to be diuretic, except:

salt
alcohol
coffee
green tea

The common condition cystitis, which is an inflammation of the bladder, affects more women than men because:

women generally wear tighter underwear
women drink less fluid than men
women’s bladder’s are situated lower down in the pelvic cavity than men’s
in women the urethra is shorter, so bacteria can enter the bladder more easily

What are kidney stones?

pebbles of hardened bile salts
small stones formed from excess cholesterol in the blood
small stones formed by the crystallisation of excess salts in the blood
none of the above

Which of the following conditions could lead to kidney failure?

pyelonephritis
chronic nephritis
both a) and b)
neither a) or b)

Why is nutrition very important to people with kidney failure?

because renal patients can have a tendency to eat a diet with high fat content
because diseased kidneys do not remove waste products
because renal patients must not become obese
because high cholesterol can damage the kidneys

A urinary tract infection presents with all the following, except:

excessive thirst
frequency of urination
a burning sensation on passing urine
low back pain

When would a dialysis machine be used?

upon the failure of one kidney
upon the failure of both kidneys
none of the above
both of the above

What medical system can be placed in the body to drain and collect urine from the bladder?

an ostomy pouching system
a rubber tube
a urinary catheter
a urethral pessary

Centuries ago, urine was commonly used as a mouthwash! Today, urine can used in which of the following ways:

as a drink to boost immunity
as a bleach for fabrics
as a healing treatment for skin conditions
all the above

The Urinary System

The Urinary System

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